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جنون الفزياء 29-10-2010 04:46

ممكن حل اسأله كتاب serway
 
ممكن لو سمحتوؤوؤا
ابي حل اسأله الكتاب
ضروري
عندي اختباآآآآآر عليهم
:k_crying::k_crying:
ادعوؤوؤولي
ابيهم ف اسررررررررع وقت

bero 29-10-2010 05:46

رد: ممكن حل اسأله كتاب serway
 
ضع أسئلتك هنا وسنحاول مساعدتك ان شاء الله

جنون الفزياء 29-10-2010 12:43

رد: ممكن حل اسأله كتاب serway
 
1. What types of natural phenomena could serve as time standards?
2. Suppose that the three fundamental standards of the
metric system were length, density, and time rather than
length, mass, and time. The standard of density in this
system is to be defined as that of water. What considerations
about water would you need to address to make
sure that the standard of density is as accurate as
possible?
3. The height of a horse is sometimes given in units of
“hands.” Why is this a poor standard of length?
4. Express the following quantities using the prefixes given in
Table 1.4: (a) 3 ! 10"4 m (b) 5 ! 10"5 s (c) 72 ! 102 g.
5. Suppose that two quantities A and B have different dimensions.
Determine which of the following arithmetic operations
could be physically meaningful: (a) A ' B (b) A/B
(c) B " A (d) AB.
6. If an equation is dimensionally correct, does this mean
that the equation must be true? If an equation is not dimensionally
correct, does this mean that the equation cannot
be true?
7. Do an order-of-magnitude calculation for an everyday situation
you encounter. For example, how far do you walk or
drive each day?
8. Find the order of magnitude of your age in seconds.
9. What level of precision is implied in an order-of-magnitude
calculation?
10. Estimate the mass of this textbook in kilograms. If a scale is
available, check your estimate.
11. In reply to a student’s question, a guard in a natural history
museum says of the fossils near his station, “When I
started work here twenty-four years ago, they were eighty
million years old, so you can add it up.” What should the
student conclude about the age of the fossils?
QUESTIONS

جنون الفزياء 29-10-2010 12:47

رد: ممكن حل اسأله كتاب serway
 
1. A crystalline solid consists of atoms stacked up in a repeating
lattice structure. Consider a crystal as shown in
Figure P1.1a. The atoms reside at the corners of cubes of
side L $ 0.200nm. One piece of evidence for the regular
arrangement of atoms comes from the flat surfaces along
which a crystal separates, or cleaves, when it is broken.
Suppose this crystal cleaves along a face diagonal, as
shown in Figure P1.1b. Calculate the spacing d between
two adjacent atomic planes that separate when the crystal
cleaves.


Measurement
Section 1.3 Density and Atomic Mass
2. Use information on the endpapers of this book to calculate
the average density of the Earth. Where does the
value fit among those listed in Tables 1.5 and 14.1? Look
up the density of a typical surface rock like granite in another
source and compare the density of the Earth to it.
3. The standard kilogram is a platinum–iridium cylinder
39.0 mm in height and 39.0 mm in diameter. What is the
density of the material?
4. A major motor company displays a die-cast model of its
first automobile, made from 9.35 kg of iron. To celebrate
its hundredth year in business, a worker will recast the
model in gold from the original dies. What mass of gold is
needed to make the new model?
5. What mass of a material with density & is required to make
a hollow spherical shell having inner radius r 1 and outer
radius r 2?
6. Two spheres are cut from a certain uniform rock. One has
radius 4.50 cm. The mass of the other is five times greater.
Find its radius.
7. Calculate the mass of an atom of (a) helium,
(b) iron, and (c) lead. Give your answers in grams. The
atomic masses of these atoms are 4.00 u, 55.9 u, and 207 u,
respectively.
8. The paragraph preceding Example 1.1 in the text
mentions that the atomic mass of aluminum is
27.0u $ 27.0 ! 1.66 ! 10"27 kg. Example 1.1 says that
27.0 g of aluminum contains 6.02 ! 1023 atoms. (a) Prove
that each one of these two statements implies the other.
(b) What If ? What if it’s not aluminum? Let M represent
the numerical value of the mass of one atom of any chemical
element in atomic mass units. Prove that M grams of the
substance contains a particular number of atoms, the same
number for all elements. Calculate this number precisely
from the value for u quoted in the text. The number of
atoms in M grams of an element is called Avogadro’s number
NA. The idea can be extended: Avogadro’s number of molecules
of a chemical compound has a mass of M grams,
where M atomic mass units is the mass of one molecule.
Avogadro’s number of atoms or molecules is called one
mole, symbolized as 1 mol. A periodic table of the elements,
as in Appendix C, and the chemical formula for a compound
contain enough information to find the molar mass
of the compound. (c) Calculate the mass of one mole of
water, H2O. (d) Find the molar mass of CO2.
9. On your wedding day your lover gives you a gold ring of
mass 3.80 g. Fifty years later its mass is 3.35 g. On the average,
how many atoms were abraded from the ring during
each second of your marriage? The atomic mass of gold is
197 u.
10. A small cube of iron is observed under a microscope. The
edge of the cube is 5.00 ! 10"6 cm long. Find (a) the
mass of the cube and (b) the number of iron atoms in the
cube. The atomic mass of iron is 55.9 u, and its density is
7.86 g/cm3.
11. A structural I beam is made of steel. A view of its crosssection
and its dimensions are shown in Figure P1.11. The
density of the steel is 7.56 ! 103 kg/m3. (a) What is the
mass of a section 1.50 m long? (b) Assume that the atoms
are predominantly iron, with atomic mass 55.9 u. How
many atoms are in this section?
15.0 cm
1.00 cm
1.00 cm
36.0 cm
Figure P1.11
12. A child at the beach digs a hole in the sand and uses a pail
to fill it with water having a mass of 1.20 kg. The mass of
one molecule of water is 18.0 u. (a) Find the number of
water molecules in this pail of water. (b) Suppose the
quantity of water on Earth is constant at 1.32 ! 1021 kg.
How many of the water molecules in this pail of water are
likely to have been in an equal quantity of water that once
filled one particular claw print left by a Tyrannosaur hunting
on a similar beach?
Section 1.4 Dimensional Analysis
The position of a particle moving under uniform acceleration
is some function of time and the acceleration. Suppose
we write this position s $ ka mt n, where k is a dimensionless
constant. Show by dimensional analysis that this expression
is satisfied if m $ 1 and n $ 2. Can this analysis give the
value of k?
14. Figure P1.14 shows a frustrum of a cone. Of the following
mensuration (geometrical) expressions, which describes
(a) the total circumference of the flat circular
faces (b) the volume (c) the area of the curved surface?
(i) #(r 1 ' r 2)[h2 ' (r 1 " r 2)2]1/2 (ii) 2#(r 1 ' r 2)
(iii) #h(r 1
2 ' r 1r 2 ' r 2
2).
13.

جنون الفزياء 29-10-2010 12:49

رد: ممكن حل اسأله كتاب serway
 
Problems 19
Which of the following equations are dimensionally
correct?
(a) vf $ vi'ax
(b) y $ (2 m)cos(kx), where k $ 2 m"1.
16. (a) A fundamental law of motion states that the acceleration
of an object is directly proportional to the resultant force exerted
on the object and inversely proportional to its mass. If
the proportionality constant is defined to have no dimensions,
determine the dimensions of force. (b) The newton is
the SI unit of force. According to the results for (a), how can
you express a force having units of newtons using the fundamental
units of mass, length, and time?
17. Newton’s law of universal gravitation is represented by
Here F is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by
one small object on another, M and m are the masses of the
objects, and r is a distance. Force has the SI units kg·m/s2.
What are the SI units of the proportionality constant G?
Section 1.5 Conversion of Units
18. A worker is to paint the walls of a square room 8.00 ft high
and 12.0 ft along each side. What surface area in square
meters must she cover?
19. Suppose your hair grows at the rate 1/32 in. per day. Find
the rate at which it grows in nanometers per second. Because
the distance between atoms in a molecule is on the
order of 0.1 nm, your answer suggests how rapidly layers of
atoms are assembled in this protein synthesis.
20. The volume of a wallet is 8.50 in.3 Convert this value to m3,
using the definition 1 in. $ 2.54 cm.
A rectangular building lot is 100 ft by 150 ft. Determine the
area of this lot in m2.
22. An auditorium measures 40.0 m ! 20.0 m ! 12.0 m. The
density of air is 1.20 kg/m3. What are (a) the volume of
the room in cubic feet and (b) the weight of air in the
room in pounds?
23. Assume that it takes 7.00 minutes to fill a 30.0-gal gasoline
tank. (a) Calculate the rate at which the tank is filled in
gallons per second. (b) Calculate the rate at which the
tank is filled in cubic meters per second. (c) Determine
the time interval, in hours, required to fill a 1-m3 volume
at the same rate. (1 U.S. gal $ 231 in.3)
24. Find the height or length of these natural wonders in kilometers,
meters and centimeters. (a) The longest cave system
in the world is the Mammoth Cave system in central Kentucky.
It has a mapped length of 348 mi. (b) In the United
States, the waterfall with the greatest single drop is Ribbon
Falls, which falls 1 612 ft. (c) Mount McKinley in Denali National
Park, Alaska, is America’s highest mountain at a
height of 20 320 ft. (d) The deepest canyon in the United
States is King’s Canyon in California with a depth of 8 200 ft.
A solid piece of lead has a mass of 23.94 g and a volume of
2.10 cm3. From these data, calculate the density of lead in
SI units (kg/m3).
25.
21.
F $
GMm
r 2
15. 26. A section of land has an area of 1 square mile and contains
640 acres. Determine the number of square meters in
1 acre.
27. An ore loader moves 1 200 tons/h from a mine to the surface.
Convert this rate to lb/s, using 1 ton $ 2 000 lb.
28. (a) Find a conversion factor to convert from miles per
hour to kilometers per hour. (b) In the past, a federal law
mandated that highway speed limits would be 55 mi/h.
Use the conversion factor of part (a) to find this speed in
kilometers per hour. (c) The maximum highway speed is
now 65 mi/h in some places. In kilometers per hour, how
much increase is this over the 55 mi/h limit?
At the time of this book’s printing, the U.S. national debt
is about $6 trillion. (a) If payments were made at the rate
of $1 000 per second, how many years would it take to pay
off the debt, assuming no interest were charged? (b) A
dollar bill is about 15.5 cm long. If six trillion dollar bills
were laid end to end around the Earth’s equator, how
many times would they encircle the planet? Take the radius
of the Earth at the equator to be 6 378 km. (Note: Before
doing any of these calculations, try to guess at the answers.
You may be very surprised.)
30. The mass of the Sun is 1.99 ! 1030 kg, and the mass of an
atom of hydrogen, of which the Sun is mostly composed, is
1.67 ! 10"27 kg. How many atoms are in the Sun?
One gallon of paint (volume$3.78 ! 10"3 m3) covers
an area of 25.0 m2. What is the thickness of the paint on
the wall?
32. A pyramid has a height of 481 ft and its base covers an area
of 13.0 acres (Fig. P1.32). If the volume of a pyramid is
given by the expression V $ Bh, where B is the area of
the base and h is the height, find the volume of this pyramid
in cubic meters. (1 acre $ 43 560 ft2)
13
31.
29.
Figure P1.32 Problems 32 and 33.
Sylvain Grandadam/Photo Researchers, Inc.
33. The pyramid described in Problem 32 contains approximately
2 million stone blocks that average 2.50 tons each.
Find the weight of this pyramid in pounds.
34. Assuming that 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered with
water at an average depth of 2.3 mi, estimate the mass of
the water on the Earth in kilograms.
35. A hydrogen atom has a diameter of approximately
1.06 ! 10"10 m, as defined by the diameter of the spherical
electron cloud around the nucleus. The hydrogen nucleus
has a diameter of approximately 2.40 ! 10"15 m.
(a) For a scale model, represent the diameter of the hydrogen
atom by the length of an American football field

جنون الفزياء 29-10-2010 12:50

رد: ممكن حل اسأله كتاب serway
 
100 yd $ 300 ft), and determine the diameter of the
nucleus in millimeters. (b) The atom is how many times
larger in volume than its nucleus?
36. The nearest stars to the Sun are in the Alpha Centauri
multiple-star system, about 4.0 ! 1013 km away. If the Sun,
with a diameter of 1.4 ! 109 m, and Alpha Centauri A are
both represented by cherry pits 7.0 mm in diameter, how
far apart should the pits be placed to represent the Sun
and its neighbor to scale?
The diameter of our disk-shaped galaxy, the Milky Way, is
about 1.0 ! 105 lightyears (ly). The distance to Messier 31,
which is Andromeda, the spiral galaxy nearest to the Milky
Way, is about 2.0 million ly. If a scale model represents the
Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies as dinner plates 25 cm
in diameter, determine the distance between the two plates.
38. The mean radius of the Earth is 6.37 ! 106 m, and that of
the Moon is 1.74 ! 108 cm. From these data calculate
(a) the ratio of the Earth’s surface area to that of the
Moon and (b) the ratio of the Earth’s volume to that of
the Moon. Recall that the surface area of a sphere is 4#r 2
and the volume of a sphere is
One cubic meter (1.00 m3) of aluminum has a mass
of 2.70 ! 103 kg, and 1.00 m3 of iron has a mass of
7.86 ! 103 kg. Find the radius of a solid aluminum sphere
that will balance a solid iron sphere of radius 2.00 cm on
an equal-arm balance.
40. Let &Al represent the density of aluminum and & Fe that of
iron. Find the radius of a solid aluminum sphere that balances
a solid iron sphere of radius r Fe on an equal-arm
balance.
Section 1.6 Estimates and Order-of-Magnitude
Calculations
Estimate the number of Ping-Pong balls that would fit
into a typical-size room (without being crushed). In your
solution state the quantities you measure or estimate and
the values you take for them.
42. An automobile tire is rated to last for 50 000 miles. To an
order of magnitude, through how many revolutions will it
turn? In your solution state the quantities you measure or
estimate and the values you take for them.
43. Grass grows densely everywhere on a quarter-acre plot of
land. What is the order of magnitude of the number of
blades of grass on this plot? Explain your reasoning. Note
that 1 acre $ 43 560 ft2.
44. Approximately how many raindrops fall on a one-acre lot
during a one-inch rainfall? Explain your reasoning.
45. Compute the order of magnitude of the mass of a bathtub
half full of water. Compute the order of magnitude of the
mass of a bathtub half full of pennies. In your solution list
the quantities you take as data and the value you measure
or estimate for each.
46. Soft drinks are commonly sold in aluminum containers. To
an order of magnitude, how many such containers are
thrown away or recycled each year by U.S. consumers?
41.
39.
43
#r 3.
37.
How many tons of aluminum does this represent? In your
solution state the quantities you measure or estimate and
the values you take for them.
To an order of magnitude, how many piano tuners are in
New York City? The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for
asking questions like this on oral Ph.D. qualifying examinations.
His own facility in making order-of-magnitude calculations
is exemplified in Problem 45.48.
Section 1.7 Significant Figures
48. A rectangular plate has a length of (21.3 * 0.2) cm and a
width of (9.8 * 0.1) cm. Calculate the area of the plate, including
its uncertainty.
49. The radius of a circle is measured to be (10.5 * 0.2)m.
Calculate the (a) area and (b) circumference of the circle
and give the uncertainty in each value.
50. How many significant figures are in the following numbers?
(a) 78.9 * 0.2 (b) 3.788 ! 109 (c) 2.46 ! 10"6
(d) 0.005 3.
51. The radius of a solid sphere is measured to be
(6.50 * 0.20) cm, and its mass is measured to be
(1.85 * 0.02) kg. Determine the density of the sphere in
kilograms per cubic meter and the uncertainty in the
density.
52. Carry out the following arithmetic operations: (a) the sum
of the measured values 756, 37.2, 0.83, and 2.5; (b) the
product 0.003 2 ! 356.3; (c) the product 5.620 ! #.
53. The tropical year, the time from vernal equinox to the next
vernal equinox, is the basis for our calendar. It contains
365.242 199 days. Find the number of seconds in a tropical
year.
54. A farmer measures the distance around a rectangular field.
The length of the long sides of the rectangle is found to
be 38.44 m, and the length of the short sides is found to
be 19.5 m. What is the total distance around the field?
55. A sidewalk is to be constructed around a swimming pool
that measures (10.0 * 0.1)m by (17.0 * 0.1) m. If the sidewalk
is to measure (1.00 * 0.01)m wide by (9.0 * 0.1) cm
thick, what volume of concrete is needed, and what is the
approximate uncertainty of this volume?
Additional Problems
56. In a situation where data are known to three significant
digits, we write 6.379 m $ 6.38 m and 6.374 m $ 6.37m.
When a number ends in 5, we arbitrarily choose to write
6.375 m $ 6.38 m. We could equally well write 6.375 m $
6.37 m, “rounding down” instead of “rounding up,” because
we would change the number 6.375 by equal increments
in both cases. Now consider an order-of-magnitude




estimate, in which we consider factors rather than increments.
We write 500 m # 103 m because 500 differs from
100 by a factor of 5 while it differs from 1 000 by only a factor
of 2. We write 437 m # 103 m and 305 m #102 m.
What distance differs from 100 m and from 1 000 m
by equal factors, so that we could equally well choose to
represent its order of magnitude either as #102 m or as
#103 m?
57. For many electronic applications, such as in computer
chips, it is desirable to make components as small as possible
to keep the temperature of the components low and to
increase the speed of the device. Thin metallic coatings
(films) can be used instead of wires to make electrical connections.
Gold is especially useful because it does not oxidize
readily. Its atomic mass is 197 u. A gold film can be
no thinner than the size of a gold atom. Calculate the
minimum coating thickness, assuming that a gold atom occupies
a cubical volume in the film that is equal to the volume
it occupies in a large piece of metal. This geometric
model yields a result of the correct order of magnitude.
58. The basic function of the carburetor of an automobile is to
“atomize” the gasoline and mix it with air to promote
rapid combustion. As an example, assume that 30.0 cm3 of
gasoline is atomized into N spherical droplets, each with a
radius of 2.00!10"5 m. What is the total surface area of
these N spherical droplets?
The consumption of natural gas by a company satisfies
the empirical equation V $ 1.50t ' 0.008 00t 2, where
V is the volume in millions of cubic feet and t the time in
months. Express this equation in units of cubic feet and
seconds. Assign proper units to the coefficients. Assume a
month is equal to 30.0 days.
60. In physics it is important to use mathematical approximations.
Demonstrate that for small angles (+20°)
tan , % sin , % , $ #,-/180°
where , is in radians and ,- is in degrees. Use a calculator
to find the largest angle for which tan , may be approximated
by sin , if the error is to be less than 10.0%.
A high fountain of water is located at the center of a circular
pool as in Figure P1.61. Not wishing to get his feet wet,
61.
59.
a student walks around the pool and measures its circumference
to be 15.0 m. Next, the student stands at the edge
of the pool and uses a protractor to gauge the angle of elevation
of the top of the fountain to be 55.0°. How high is
the fountain?
62. Collectible coins are sometimes plated with gold to enhance
their beauty and value. Consider a commemorative
quarter-dollar advertised for sale at $4.98. It has a diameter
of 24.1 mm, a thickness of 1.78 mm, and is completely
covered with a layer of pure gold 0.180%m thick. The volume
of the plating is equal to the thickness of the layer
times the area to which it is applied. The patterns on the
faces of the coin and the grooves on its edge have a negligible
effect on its area. Assume that the price of gold is
$10.0 per gram. Find the cost of the gold added to the
coin. Does the cost of the gold significantly enhance the
value of the coin?
There are nearly # ! 107 s in one year. Find the percentage
error in this approximation, where “percentage error’’
is defined as
64. Assume that an object covers an area A and has a uniform
height h. If its cross-sectional area is uniform over its
height, then its volume is given by V $ Ah. (a) Show that
V $ Ah is dimensionally correct. (b) Show that the volumes
of a cylinder and of a rectangular box can be written
in the form V $ Ah, identifying A in each case. (Note that
A, sometimes called the “footprint” of the object, can have
any shape and the height can be replaced by average
thickness in general.)
65. A child loves to watch as you fill a transparent plastic bottle
with shampoo. Every horizontal cross-section is a circle,
but the diameters of the circles have different values,
so that the bottle is much wider in some places than others.
You pour in bright green shampoo with constant volume
flow rate 16.5 cm3/s. At what rate is its level in the
bottle rising (a) at a point where the diameter of the bottle
is 6.30 cm and (b) at a point where the diameter is
1.35 cm?
66. One cubic centimeter of water has a mass of 1.00 ! 10"3 kg.
(a) Determine the mass of 1.00 m3 of water. (b) Biological
substances are 98% water. Assume that they have the same
density as water to estimate the masses of a cell that has a diameter
of 1.0%m, a human kidney, and a fly. Model the kidney
as a sphere with a radius of 4.0 cm and the fly as a cylinder
4.0 mm long and 2.0 mm in diameter.
Assume there are 100 million passenger cars in the United
States and that the average fuel consumption is 20 mi/gal of
gasoline. If the average distance traveled by each car is
10 000 mi/yr, how much gasoline would be saved per year if
average fuel consumption could be increased to 25 mi/gal?
68. A creature moves at a speed of 5.00 furlongs per fortnight
(not a very common unit of speed). Given that
1 furlong $ 220 yards and 1 fortnight $ 14 days, determine
the speed of the creature in m/s. What kind of creature
do you think it might be?



69. The distance from the Sun to the nearest star is about
4 ! 1016 m. The Milky Way galaxy is roughly a disk of diameter
#1021 m and thickness#1019 m. Find the order
of magnitude of the number of stars in the Milky Way.
Assume the distance between the Sun and our nearest
neighbor is typical.
70. The data in the following table represent measurements
of the masses and dimensions of solid cylinders of aluminum,
copper, brass, tin, and iron. Use these data to
calculate the densities of these substances. Compare your
results for aluminum, copper, and iron with those given
in Table 1.5.
Mass Diameter Length
Substance (g) (cm) (cm)
Aluminum 51.5 2.52 3.75
Copper 56.3 1.23 5.06
Brass 94.4 1.54 5.69
Tin 69.1 1.75 3.74
Iron 216.1 1.89 9.77
71. (a) How many seconds are in a year? (b) If one micrometeorite
(a sphere with a diameter of 1.00 ! 10"6 m)
strikes each square meter of the Moon each second, how
many years will it take to cover the Moon to a depth of
1.00 m? To solve this problem, you can consider a cubic
box on the Moon 1.00 m on each edge, and find how long
it will take to fill the box.

جنون الفزياء 29-10-2010 12:52

رد: ممكن حل اسأله كتاب serway
 
بلييييييييييييييييييييييييز ساعدوؤوؤوني ف الحللللللللللل
هذا هم الاساله كلهم ><":k_crying::k_crying:
:k_crying::k_crying::k_crying::mommy_cut:
:mommy_cut:الله يخليكوم ساعدوني

الفريد 29-10-2010 13:15

رد: ممكن حل اسأله كتاب serway
 
استخدم خاصية البحث مرة أخرى

http://phys4arab.net/vb/showthread.php?t=28402

bero 29-10-2010 15:12

رد: ممكن حل اسأله كتاب serway
 
كان من الأفضل أعطائي فقط رقم الفصل وارقام الأسئلة وكنت سأكتب لك الحلول ولو انك وضعت كل الأسئلة هنا!!!!!

عموما الأستاذ الفاضل الفريد وضع لك رابط فيه رابط لكتاب وضعه الأستاذ kingstars فيه حلول الكتاب كاملة إن شاء الرحمن..

وفقك الله


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