[align=center]بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم [/align]
Helmohltz function (F)
[align=center]F=U –TS,
U: internal energy
T: Temperature
S: Intropy[/align]
The decrese in the helmoltz function of a system sets up upper limit to the work in any process between two equilibrium states at the same temperature during which there is a heat flow into the system from a single reservoir at this temperature .
[align=center]WT ≤ (F1 - F2)
WT ≤ (U1-U2) – T(S1-S2)[/align]
*If the process is irreversible , the work is maximum WT = (U1-U2) – T(S1-S2)
*If the is irreversible , the work is less than irreversible WT < (U1-U2) – T(S1-S2)
[align=center][/align]:a_plain111: